The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
 VOLUME TWENTYFOUR NUMBER ONE

CI Notebook

As summer draws to a close, kids across America are preparing for the inevitable: the start of a new school year. Whether they greet this season with dread or excitement, the fact remains that their educational experience will shape the course of their lives. Having the means to access and absorb high quality K-12 educational resources lays the groundwork for postsecondary success and ultimately higher paying jobs.

The converse effectively closes these doors. While school and teacher quality are paramount for educational achievement, there is growing recognition that academic success depends heavily on meeting the needs of the “whole child.” These include proper nutrition, stable housing, adequate health services, a safe neighborhood, and positive adult role models. Such issues often present challenges in low- and moderate-income communities and addressing them is part of the daily work of community development. As such, while the community development field may not have a direct role to play in the classroom, there are reasons why the field should be considerably more attuned to the relationship between its work in low- and moderate- income areas and the educational outcomes for children growing up there.

This issue of Community Investments focuses on the intersection between education and community development in an attempt to identify shared goals and seed a conversation between the two sectors. The articles in this issue examine broad trends in educational equity and new models for better integrating community development and schools. Jeff Edmondson of the Strive Network and Nancy Zimpher of the State University of New York discuss the importance of setting standards for collective impact and getting a better social return on investment in education. Diana Hall describes how a thriving network of community schools in Multnomah County, Oregon is strategically aligning youth, family, and community services with schools to improve educational outcomes. Sean Reardon of Stanford University provides evidence of the widening achievement gap between the rich and the poor, which has important implications for inequality in America.

Our Eye on Community Development section includes a summary of new findings from a detailed analysis of community development financial institutions (CDFIs) on issues of capitalization, liquidity and portfolio, and risk management from 2005 to 2010. In addition, the California Community Reinvestment Corporation, a CDFI with a 23 year history of offering affordable multifamily mortgages in California, reflects on the lessons learned in adapting to the changing realities of the industry.

We hope this issue of CI encourages you to think critically (and optimistically!) about the opportunities for the community development field to partner with schools and improve educational outcomes for youth. We’d love to hear your thoughts on the subject and always welcome your feedback.

Enjoy what’s left of the summer!

Laura Choi


The views expressed are not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or the Federal Reserve System. Material herein may be reprinted or abstracted provided
Community Investments is credited. Please provide our Community Development Department with a copy of any publication in which material is reprinted.
Fall
Summer 2012 Issue
(Entire Issue)
CI Notebook
Introduction by Laura Choi
Special Focus: Data and Measurement
Community Development and Education: A Shared Future
By Laura Choi, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
An examination of the intersection between education and community development and how cross-sectoral efforts can improve achievement among low-income students.
The New Civic Infrastructure: The 'How To' of Collective Impact and Getting a Better Social Return on Investment
By Jeff Edmondson, Strive Network and Nancy L. Zimpher, State University of New York
Cross-sector strategies require a common framework and set of standards for achieving maximum impact, to avoid a “spray and pray” approach to improving educational outcomes.
Schools Uniting Neighborhoods: Community Schools Anchoring Local Change
By Diana Hall, Multnomah County, Oregon
Learn how Multnomah County, Oregon is reinventing the school as a place that strengthens the entire community and addresses the full spectrum of family needs.
The Widening Academic Achievement Gap between the Rich and the Poor
By Sean Reardon, Stanford University
As the income gap between high- and low-income families has widened, has the achievement gap between children in high- and low-income families also widened? The answer, in brief, is yes.
Eye on Community Development
Looking Back and Moving Forward: Changes in the Affordable Multifamily Mortgage Industry
By Mary Kaiser, California Community Reinvestment Corporation and George Vine, Vine Associates
A look back at some of the lessons learned from CCRC's 23 year history and new lessons for the affordable multifamily mortgage industry today.
CDFI Industry Analysis: Summary Report
By Michael Swack, Jack Northrup and Eric Hangen, The Carsey Institute and the CDFI Fund
The Carsey Institute and the CDFI Fund conducted a detailed analysis of a large sample of CDFIs on issues of capitalization, liquidity and portfolio, and risk management by CDFIs from 2005 to 2010.
Quarterly Features
Data Snapshot: Education
Dr. CRA

Research Briefs

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