Community
Investments Magazine
 An Integrated Approach to
Community Development
Community Investments: Volume 24, Issue 3, 2012
This special issue of Community Investments highlights excerpts from a new book published by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco and the Low Income Investment Fund titled Investing in What Works for America’s Communities: Essays on People, Place & Purpose, with a particular focus on the topic of “integration," a prominent theme that emerges from the book. The most promising models of community development going forward all include elements of integration, such as layered financing, joint development, shared accountability, or coordinated services. The authors argue that the dichotomy of “people versus place” and the rigid siloes separating housing, education, health, and other sectors must become a thing of the past in order to effectively address poverty in the future.
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Previous Issues
| 2012 |
- An Integrated Approach to Community Development
Community Investments: Volume 24, Issue 3, 2012
This special issue of Community Investments highlights excerpts from a new book published by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco and the Low Income Investment Fund titled Investing in What Works for America's Communities: Essays on People, Place & Purpose, with a particular focus on the topic of "integration," a prominent theme that emerges from the book. The most promising models of community development going forward all include elements of integration, such as layered financing, joint development, shared accountability, or coordinated services. The authors argue that the dichotomy of "people versus place" and the rigid siloes separating housing, education, health, and other sectors must become a thing of the past in order to effectively address poverty in the future.
- Community Development and Education
Community Investments: Volume 24, Issue 2, 2012
This issue of Community Investments focuses on the intersection between education and community development in an attempt to identify shared goals and seed a conversation between the two sectors. The articles in this issue examine broad trends in educational equity and new models for better integrating community development and schools. We address issues such as the importance of setting standards for collective impact and explore how a thriving network of community schools in Multnomah County, Oregon is strategically aligning youth, family, and community services with schools to improve educational outcomes. The issue also examines the widening academic achievement gap between the rich and the poor, which has important implications for inequality in America.
- Data and Measurement
Community Investments: Volume 24, Issue 1, 2012
This issue of Community Investments focuses on the topic of data and measurement and its implications for community development. The articles provide an introduction to the basic concepts and challenges related to impact measurement in the field, and also explore more in-depth issues, such as the impact tensions that arise in place-based initiatives and the use of a logic model for CDFIs to conceptualize their impact. We also examine Social Impact Bonds, a new investment vehicle that reflects an important movement in the impact investing sector toward robust measurement of social progress. Our "Eye on Community Development" section features articles on new research findings from the Supplemental Poverty Measure and a new REO EQ2 lending program that meets the needs of nonprofits utilizing NSP funds for local neighborhood stabilization.
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| 2011 |
- Income Inequality's Impact on Community Development
Community Investments: Volume 23, Issue 2, 2011
This issue of Community Investments explores the issue of income inequality from a community development perspective, examining the broad trends that have contributed to its rise as well as the impact of inequality at the individual and community level. The articles consider different facets of income inequality, such as the geographic segregation of income groups at the neighborhood and regional level, and the increasing polarization of the labor market. A "Community Perspectives" thought piece examines the causes and consequences of the broad changes in income distribution. In addition, we address the impact of poverty stressors on LMI households. Our "Eye on Community Development" section highlights important advancements in the community development field, including the CDFI Bond Program and new approaches to addressing adult literacy. We hope this issue of CI sheds light on the complex topic of income inequality in the United States, and more importantly, on the community development field's role in addressing it.
- Community Development in Practice
Community Investments: Volume 23, Issue 1, 2011
This issue of Community Investments focuses on community development practice – what are some emerging ideas for programs and policies that can help lower-income communities rebuild after the recession, and what do we know about their effectiveness? The issue profiles two new efforts to improve consumers’ financial decisions, including a lottery-based savings account for youth and a nonprofit check cashing outlet. It also highlights new research on shared equity homeownership programs, local strategies for responding to investor purchases of distressed properties, and the early implementation of the Neighborhood Stabilization Program.
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| 2010 |
- Health and Community Development
Community Investments: Volume 22, Issue 3, 2010
This issue of Community Investments examines the relationship between health and community development and the rich opportunities for cross sectoral partnerships between the two fields. The articles explore the striking health disparities that exist across populations of different socioeconomic and demographic backgrounds and delve into specific examples of community-based approaches to improving health outcomes.
- Transit-Oriented Development
Community Investments: Volume 22, Issue 2, 2010
This issue of Community Investments explores the growing practice of
transit-oriented development (TOD) and its implications for community
development. The articles provide an introduction to basic TOD concepts and
also explore issues such as how transit affects economic opportunities for
LMI workers and the interrelationship between transit and schools. We also
examine equity issues in TOD and transit funding, and highlight models for
protecting the interests of LMI communities affected by TOD.
- Place-Based Initiatives
Community Investments: Volume 22, Issue 1, 2010
This issue of Community Investments explores key issues in place-based
community development. The articles highlight some of the lessons learned
over the past two decades of place-based work and introduce new ideas to
inform future initiatives, such as using a neighborhood typology to inform
investment strategies. We also consider the effect of place on youth and
explore the very difficult task of evaluating place-based initiatives.
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| 2009 |
- Community Development Finance
Community Investments: Volume 21, Issue 3, 2009
In this issue of Community Investments, we explore the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for the field of community development finance. The articles cover a range of issues, including practical strategies for coping with the current economic environment, ideas for strengthening the Low Income Housing Tax Credit, the unique financial structure of nonprofits and nonprofit sustainability, small business financing, and the potential role of P2P lending in community development finance.
- Financial Education
Community Investments: Volume 21, Issue 2, 2009
In this issue of Community Investments, we explore how the growing field of financial education can help people maximize their financial well-being. We discuss best practices in financial education, the role of financial institutions in delivering financial education tied to financial products, and how insights from behavioral economics can improve the design of financial education. In addition, we take a closer look at a research study measuring the effectiveness of financial education among soldiers and consider strategies to promote asset building at tax time. You'll also find our regular quarterly features, and timely updates on relevant community development topics, such as city-based affordable homeownership programs and mixed-income housing.
- Unemployment in Low-Income Communities
Community Investments: Volume 21, Issue 1, 2009
In this issue, we address the challenges that low-income communities face in times of high unemployment and explore a variety of workforce development efforts that can improve prospects for low-wage and low-skilled workers. This issue also includes a new “look,” new quarterly features, and timely updates on relevant community development topics, such as the National Community Stabilization Trust and innovations around the Earned Income Tax Credit.
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| 2008 |
- Focus Issue: Community Development Policy
Community Investments: Volume 20, Issue 3, 2008
In this issue of Community Investments, we highlight efforts that demonstrate a growing commitment by the community development field to taking environmental concerns into account. The articles in this issue illustrate how developers, investors, and grassroots organizations are finding creative and effective ways to bundle environmentally responsible outcomes with community development ends.
- The Green Issue
Community Investments: Volume 20, Issue 2, 2008
In this issue of Community Investments, we highlight efforts that demonstrate a growing commitment by the community development field to taking environmental concerns into account. The articles in this issue illustrate how developers, investors, and grassroots organizations are finding creative and effective ways to bundle environmentally responsible outcomes with community development ends.
- Focus Issue: Spotlight on the 12th District
Community Investments: Volume 20, Issue 1, 2008
In this issue of Community Investments, we highlight the San Francisco Fed’s role in community development efforts taking place in the 12th District, including programs to help bank the unbanked, prevent foreclosures, and provide mortgage credit in Indian Country.
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| 2007 |
- Focus Issue: Youth and Education
Volume 19, Issue 2, 2007
In
this issue:
Back to School | The Power of Preschool | The Economics of Early Childhood Development as Seen by Two Fed Economists | Linking Community Development and School Improvement | The Community Development and Education Connection
- Focus Issue: Rural Economic and Community Development
Volume 19, Issue 1, 2007
In
this issue:
Addressing Community and Economic Development in Rural America | Si Se Puede | Lending for Rural Development Projects | Morphing Rural Community Development Models | Native Community Development Financial Institutions | Big Lessons from Small Rural Communities
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| 2006 |
- Focus Issue: Homeownership
Preservation
Vol
18; No 3; December 2006
In
this issue:
Homeownership
at High Cost | Preventing Foreclosure | Calculated
Risk | Nontraditional Mortgage Guidance | CI Notebook
- Focus Issue: Immigrant Communities
Vol
18; No 2; Fall 2006
In
this issue:
Crossing
Borders, Creating Communities | Financial Access
for Immigrants | Community Development in Dynamic
Neighborhoods | Community Profiles: Arizona, Los
Angeles, California’s Central Valley, Utah| CI Notebook
- Focus Issue: Small Business Development
Vol
18; No 1; Spring 2006
In
this issue:
Small
Business Development | Microbusiness, Macro-impact:
Capitalizing on Potential | The Corner Store |
Responding to Needs | Building Bridges in Low-
and Moderate-Income Communities | Pacific Community
Ventures | CI Notebook
- Focus Issue: Neighborhood Revitalization
Vol
17; No 4; Winter 2006
In
this issue:
Tackling
Neighborhood Poverty | Credit Where it Counts | Place
Matters | Works in Progress | Neighborhoods in Bloom
| The Reinvestment Fund’s Approach to Community Development | CI Noteboo
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| 2005 |
- Focus Issue: Affordable
Housing
Vol
17; No 3; September 2005
In this
issue:
Affordable Housing in High Cost Areas | Innovations in Housing Policy | Some
Assembly Required | State Housing Trust Funds| Stuck in the Middle | CI Notebook
- Focus Issue: Asset Building
Vol
17; No 2; May 2005
In this
issue:
Savings In The Spotlight | Individual Development Accounts | Measuring
Ownership in America | The Asset Policy Initiative of California | From Refunds to Assets | CI Notebook
- Focus Issue: Environmental Assessment of the Twelfth District
Vol
17; No 1; January 2005
In this issue:
An Environmental Assessment of the Twelfth District | A Guide to the Community
Development Landscape in the Nine Western States | Individual State Summaries
| CI Notebook
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| 2004 |
- Vol
16; No 2; September 2004
In this
Issue:
Introducing Janet Yellen | A Recipe for CRA Success | Community Reinvestment
Act Resources | New Markets Tax Investments Credit Deals | Success on the
Investment Test | High-Impact Capital: Using Secondary Capital to Expand
Community Development Credit Union Capacity | and more...
- Vol
16; No 1; May 2004
In this
Issue:
Supporting Community Health Centers | Wall Street Without Walls: Preparing
Community Development Organizations for the Capital Markets | FRBSF Community
Resources | The Next Stage in Childcare Facilities Development | Funding
Our Future: Charter School Finance 101 | and more...
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| 2003 |
- Vol
15; No 3; November 2003
In this
Issue:
Serving Untapped Markets | In the Search for New Customers, Start Here |
Empowerment for the Unbanked | Providing a Headstart with CRA | A Credit
Union from the Ground Up | Investing for Social Good | Investing for "The
Little Guy" | Native Communities Web Resource | Expediting Mortgage Processing in Indian
Country | Reclaiming Native American Tax Dollars | and more...
- Vol
15; No 2; August 2003
In this
Issue:
New Markets Tax Credits Hit the Community | Sounding Off About Investment
Instruments | Icubated Businesses Thrive | Announcing the Launch of the Center
for Community Development Investments | CI Notebook | and more...
- Vol
15; No 1; March 2003
In
this issue:
Working Wheels: A Seattle Success Story | Restoring Lives to Rebuild Communities
| Ways to Work | Credit Scoring Overview | Credit Scoring and Model Development
and Maintenance | Third Party Brokers | Staff Training, Loan Pricing and
Data Accuracy | Overrides and Second-Review Process | and more...
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| 2002 |
- Vol
14; No 3; October 2002
In
this issue:
The Community Land Trust and Special Needs Housing | Fannie Mae's Section
8 Program | The Maturing Secondary Market for Community Development Loans
| District Update | and more...
- Vol
14; No 2; June 2002
In
this issue:
Using the Media to Deliver Financial Education | Youth Credit Unions | Compliance
Corner | Selling Affordable Multifamily Mortgages | District Update | and
more...
- Vol
14; No 1; March 2002
In
this issue:
Special Edition: A Guide to
Community Development Investments
Low Income Housing Tax
Credits | Community Development Real Estate Investment
Trusts | Equity Equivalent Investments | and more...
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| 2001 |
- Vol
13; No 3; December 2001
In
this issue: Small Congregations and Asset-Based Community Development | Faith-Based Initiative
Overview | Fishing by Faith | Islamic Finance and the U.S.
Banking System | Catholic Community Development | Blessed
Housing
- Vol
13; No 2; September 2001
In
this issue: Census 2000 and the Power of Demographics | Making Reinvestment Work for San
Diego | Rebuilding Communities One Site at a Time | Equity
Equivalent Investments
- Vol
13; No 1; April 2001
In
this issue: The New Market Tax Credits | Shedding Light on Sunshine | The Big Bank World
of CRA | CRA-Qualified Muni Securities
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| 2000 |
- Vol 12;
No 3; December 2000
In this issue: Combating
Financial Fraud | Digital Divide | CARAT Announces TACP
- Vol 12;
No 2; September 2000
In this issue: Financing
Childcare: Innovative Approaches | Using CDFIs to Reach the Unbanked | 2000 Conference Roundtable Q&A
- Vol 12;
No 1; May 2000
In this issue: National
Housing Development Corporation | Equity Capital Creates Rural Jobs | CRA Leadership Council Members
| Sovereign Lending | Affordable Multifamily Mortgage Risk
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| 1999 |
- Vol
11; No 3; December 1999
In this issue: Credit Scoring for Small Business Lending | Creating
Cultural Windows to Banking Opportunities | Home for Dinner Home Buyers
Program | Micropolitan Community Reinvestment Trusts
- Vol
11; No 2; September 1999
In this issue: The Great Debate - What
will become of financial modernization? | IMPACT Seeks Alliance with
California's Banking Industry | HUD's Community Builders | Hot Tips:
Q&A | The Community Reinvestment Guide to Useful Web Sites
- Vol
11; No 1; Winter/Spring 1999
In this issue: Evolution of the Revolving
Loan Fund Industry | Maximizing Your Microbusiness Opportunity | North
American Development Bank Helps Hardest Hit Communities | Financing
Special Needs Housing | Technology and Targeted Loan Products
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| 1998 |
- Vol
10; No 4; Fall 1998
In this issue: Financing Childcare: Challenges and Opportunities
| Mergers and Acquisitions in the Nonprofit World | Community Development
Venture Capital | Consortia and the CRA | CDFIs Unmasked | Second Century
Scholars Program
- Vol
10; No 3; Summer 1998
In this issue: Make the Most of Your Experience
as a Director | Credit Scoring and the Secondary Market | "Welfare
to Work" Does Work | How to Make Investing in Your Communities
Really Count | Financial Education in Schools
- Vol
10; No 2; Spring 1998
In this issue: The Case Against Economic
Development for Women | Study Identifies Eight Core Characteristics
of Successful Multi-Bank CDCs | Recent Study Supports the Competitive
Advantages of America's Inner Cities | CRA Data Collection - Answers
to Perplexing Questions
- Vol
10; No 1; Winter 1998
In this issue: Replicating CRA in South Africa | Individual Development
Accounts: What Are They? | Small Business and the Disability Community
| Community Development Credit Unions | Energy Efficiency Supports Affordable
Home Ownership
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| 1997 |
- Vol
9; No 4; Fall 1997
In this issue: Moving Out of the Ivory Tower | "Unbanked"
Citizens Draw Government Attention | Building Healthy Communities |
SBICs: More Than an Equity Investment | Connecting CRA to the Web
- Vol
9; No 3; Summer 1997
In this issue: New Directions in Native American Housing | Fair
Lending Enforcement by the Department of Justice | CRA Examination Procedures
| Combating Supermarket Flight in Los Angeles | Regulation Y Revised
- Vol
9; No 2; Spring 1997
In this issue: The Emerging Secondary Market for Community Development
Loans | Welfare Reform | Community Development Financial Institutions:
A Primer
- Vol
9; No 1; Winter 1997
In this issue: Monetary Policy, Low-Income Communities, and the
Federal Reserve System | CEDLI Celebrates its First Anniversary | Large
Banks Transition to a New CRA | Rural LISC: A Year of Rural Progress
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| 1996 |
- Vol
8; No 4; Fall 1996
In this issue: The Business of Small Business Lending | Community
Development Lending: Profit or Cost Center? | Greenlining Western Brownfields
| Understanding Census Tracts and Block Numbering Areas | The Case for
Consortia Lending: A Day in the Life of a CRA Officer
- Vol
8; No 3; Summer 1996
In this issue: Misconceptions Mask Opportunities in Indian Country
| Small Banks Respond: How We Prepared and Fared Under the New CRA Exam
Procedures | The CRA Strategic Plan Option: Should We Bother?
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